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VSCode：使用经验记录

Avatar photo By N1XON #Linux, #VSCode

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1 配置

1.1 launch.json

该配置文件用于存储软件调试配置，常用配置如下：

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) 启动",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/1utest/built/utest.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": true,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/1utest/built",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:/2Software/MSYS2/usr/bin/gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description": "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

1.2 setting.json

该配置文件用于存储用户个性化配置，常用配置如下：

{
    "files.associations": {
        "totest.h": "c",
        "cstdint": "cpp",
        "ota_type.h": "c",
        "curl.h": "c",
        "stdio.h": "c",
        "*.tcc": "cpp",
    },
    "search.exclude": {
        "**/node_modules": true,
        "**/bower_components": true,
        "**/*.code-search": true,
        // "**/1utest/src/*base": true,
        // "**/1utest/src/*fix": true,
        "**/1utest/docs/": true,
        "**/1utest/result/": true
    },
    "C_Cpp.files.exclude": {
        "**/.vscode": true,
        "**/.vs": true,
        // "**/1utest/src/*base": true,
        // "**/1utest/src/*fix": true        
    }
}

1.3 c_cpp_properties.json

该配置文件用于存储 C/C++ 项目的配置，常用配置如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/2Software/MSYS2/usr/lib/**",
                "D:/2Software/MSYS2/usr/include/**"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "D:\\2Software\\MSYS2\\usr\\bin\\gcc.exe",
            "cStandard": "c17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++17"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

1.4 user.code-snippets

该配置文件用于存储用户代码片段配置，常用配置如下：

{
	// Place your Code 工作区 snippets here. Each snippet is defined under a snippet name and has a scope, prefix, body and 
	// description. Add comma separated ids of the languages where the snippet is applicable in the scope field. If scope 
	// is left empty or omitted, the snippet gets applied to all languages. The prefix is what is 
	// used to trigger the snippet and the body will be expanded and inserted. Possible variables are: 
	// $1, $2 for tab stops, $0 for the final cursor position, and ${1:label}, ${2:another} for placeholders. 
	// Placeholders with the same ids are connected.
	// Example:
	"add src file header": {
		"scope": "c,cpp",
		"prefix": "fh",
		"description": "add src file header",
		"body": [
			"/**",
			" * @file ${TM_FILENAME}",
			" * @authors Nixon (Xinglong.Ni@geely.com)",
			" * @version 0.1",
			" * @date ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}",
			" * @brief",
			" * @note [change history]",
			" * @copyright GEELY AUTOMOBILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO.,LTD Copyright (c) ${CURRENT_YEAR}",
			" * -------------------------------------------------------------------------",
			" * [change history]",
			" * v0.1    ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}    Nixon    1.初版",
			" * -------------------------------------------------------------------------",
			"*/",
			"",
			"$0"
		]
	},
	"add inc file header": {
		"scope": "c,cpp",
		"prefix": "fhh",
		"description": "add inc file header",
		"body": [
			"/**",
			" * @file ${TM_FILENAME}",
			" * @authors Nixon (Xinglong.Ni@geely.com)",
			" * @version 0.1",
			" * @date ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}",
			" * @brief",
			" * @note [change history]",
			" * @copyright GEELY AUTOMOBILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO.,LTD Copyright (c) ${CURRENT_YEAR}",
			" * -------------------------------------------------------------------------",
			" * [change history]",
			" * v0.1    ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}    Nixon    1.初版",
			" * -------------------------------------------------------------------------",
			"*/",
			"",
			"#ifndef _${TM_FILENAME_BASE/(.*)/${1:/upcase}/}_H_",
			"#define _${TM_FILENAME_BASE/(.*)/${1:/upcase}/}_H_",	
			"",
			"$0",
			"",
			"#endif  /* end of _${TM_FILENAME_BASE/(.*)/${1:/upcase}/}_H_ */",
			""
		]
	},
	"add CMakeLists.txt header": {
		"scope": "cmake",
		"prefix": "fh",
		"description": "add file header for cmake",
		"body": [
			"# @file ${TM_FILENAME}",
			"# @authors Nixon (Xinglong.Ni@geely.com)",
			"# @version 0.1",
			"# @date ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}",
			"# @brief $0",
			"# @note [change history]",
			"# @copyright GEELY AUTOMOBILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO.,LTD Copyright (c) ${CURRENT_YEAR}",
			"# -------------------------------------------------------------------------",
			"# [change history]",
			"# v0.1    ${CURRENT_YEAR}.${CURRENT_MONTH}.${CURRENT_DATE}    Nixon    1.初版",
			"# -------------------------------------------------------------------------"
		]		
	},
	"add function header": {
		"scope": "c,cpp",
		"prefix": "ff",
		"description": "add function header",
		"body": [
			"/**",
			" * @brief $0",
			" * @param",
			" * @return",
			" * @note",
			"*/"
		]		
	}
}

2 常用快捷键

选中一行: CTRL+L
整体缩进: CTRL+[ / CTRL+]
注释: CTRL+/
替换: CTRL+H
关闭当前页面: CTRL+W
打开终端: CTRL+`
选中单词: CTRL+D
回退光标的移动和选择: CTRL+U
删除光标前的词: CTRL+BACKSPACE
删除光标后的词: CTRL+DELETE
定位到首行/尾行: CTRL+HOME/END
在单词之间移动光标: CTRL+LEFT/RIGHT
打开文件: CTRL+O
新建文件: CTRL+N
切换打开文件: CTRL+PAGEDOWN/UP
向下插入新行: CTRL+ENTER
向上插入新行: CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER
打开新的软件窗口: CTRL+SHIFT+N
跳转打开文件的各种方法: CTRL+SHIFT+O
跳转到匹配的括号: CTRL+SHIFT+\
删除行: CTRL+SHIFT+K
在文件所有相同文本内容处，出现光标: CTRL+SHIFT+L
选中光标前后的词: CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT/RIGHT
全局搜索: CTRL+SHIFT+F
全局替换: CTRL+SHIFT+H
连续多列上出现光标: CTRL+ALT+UP/DOWN
选择从光标到行首/行尾的内容: SHIFT+HOME/END
选中多行: SHIFT + UP、DOWN、LEFT、RIGHT
向上、向下复制一行: SHIFT+ALT+UP/DOWN
格式化文档: SHIFT+ALT+F
前进/后退: ALT+LEFT/RIGHT
移动代码行、代码块: ALT+UP/DOWN
选中代码块: ALT+SHIFT+光标
显示命令面板: F1
查找: F3

3 利用VSC获取root权限办法

当自身权限受限（例如在公司虚拟机），无法使用sudo/su获取root权限时，可以采用此办法一试。

执行

sudo code --no-sandbox --user-data-dir=/etc  /etc/bash.bashrc

此时在打开的vscode终端，应该已经是root权限，可以开始愉快的修改系统文件了！

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